Issues

Bcl6 is added to a growing list of signaling pathways and molecules that influence resistance of leukemic stem cells to targeted therapy.

New evidence indicates that the conserved plasmid shared among Chlamydial species may be key for understanding and vaccinating against these pathogenic bacteria.

The mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells does not require osteoclasts, which may even have an inhibitory effect.

A single nucleotide polymorphism causing constitutive activation of Vav1 results in increased natural T_reg generation and is responsible for the imbalance between Vav1 GEF and adaptor functions.

Diminished expression of Blimp-1 in DCs results in the development of lupus-like autoantibodies in female mice, but not male mice, as a result of increased IL-6 driving enhanced germinal center responses.

A distinct population of Th17 cells develops in the thymus with innate immune cell characteristics, different selection requirements, and skewed TCR gene usage compared with peripheral Th17 cells.

As revealed using mice heterozygous for the base excision repair (BER) protein XRCC1, BER and mutagenic repair pathways can simultaneously compete for access to single-strand breaks induced by activation-induced deaminase.

In cynomolgus macaques, ocular infection with a live trachoma strain lacking the conserved 7.5-kb plasmid induced no ocular pathology but facilitated solid or partial protection from subsequent infection with a virulent strain of trachoma.

FcεR1-expressing neutrophils accumulate in the brain of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (PbANKA) and promote the development of experimental cerebral malaria.

Many HIV-1 envelope-reactive antibodies shortly after HIV-1 transmission may arise from crow-reactive memory B cells previously stimulated by non-HIV-1 host or microbial antigens

IFN-γ functions to suppress neutrophil accumulation in the lungs of mice infected with M. tuberculosis, in part by suppressing IL-17 production from CD4⁺ T cells.

Listeria monocytogenes targets accessible E-cadherin expressed on mucus-producing goblet cells to invade the intestinal tissue.

IL-21 expression is increased in the gut of patients with colitis-associated colon cancer, and genetic ablation or antibody neutralization of IL-21 reduces tumor size and inflammation in mice treated with dextran sulfate sodium and azoxymethane.

Fumarates suppress Th1 responses by blocking IL-12 and IL-23 production by dendritic cells via distinct pathways.

As shown by analysis of mice and humans bearing DOCK8-inactivating mutations, DOCK8 plays a cell-autonomous role in survival of naive CD8 T cells, LFA-1 polarization toward the immune synapse, and CD8 T cell memory and recall responses following viral infection.

Transcription factors c-Rel and RelA/p65 bind and activate two Rorg promoters to drive Th17 differentiation.